Study Notes

  Merits and Demerits of Semester System Background:-        Pakistan inherited education system from the colonial masters which was based on annual examination system. The British rule in the subcontinent deserves the credit that in introducing any reform or policy they proudly carried out thorough research on it through competent experts. This approach resulted into very sound system in any branch in which they implemented reforms. Introduction of Semester System:-        On the direction of federal government Higher Education Commission (HEC) has recently replaced the annual system throughout Pakistan BS system which is based on semester curriculum. The HEC claims that the purpose of introducing the semester/BS system is to make Pakistani degree acceptable at international level.        However, the education scholars hold the opinion that the BS system has numerous merits which...

  Inflation By JAMES CHEN What Is Inflation? Inflation is a quantitative measure of the rate at which the average price level of a basket of selected goods and services in an economy increases over some period of time. It is the rise in the general level of prices where a unit of currency effectively buys less than it did in prior periods. Often expressed as a percentage, inflation thus indicates a decrease in the purchasing power of a nation’s currency. Inflation can be contrasted with deflation, which occurs when prices instead decline. KEY TAKEAWAYS Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising and, consequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling. Inflation is classified into three types: Demand-Pull inflation, Cost-Push inflation, and Built-In inflation. Most commonly used inflation indexes are the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Wholesale Price Index (WPI). Inflation can be viewed positively or negatively depending on ...

 

 

  20 Types of Shots, Camera Angles, and Movements All Videographers Should Know It’s not that easy being creative, having to spend each day figuring out how to make your ideas come to life. As important as imagination is, you’ll need a solid technique to materialize your thoughts. Few things are as frustrating as not being able to get the results you’re aiming for. Before you start dreaming about reaching millions of visitors on your website or shooting an Academy Award–winning film, you’ll need to master the basics. The way in which you capture a scene has a dramatic impact on how it is perceived. How you frame the subject, how far they are from the camera, the perspective from which they are seen, the movement that reveals their actions… every single detail counts when it comes to video. Failing to control these elements will likely result in unusable footage or, even worse, a beautiful video that tells a completely different story than the one you wanted to create. Whether y...

Broadcast VS print headline To have an idea of what is similar and different in the headline writing conventions for the two media (print and electronic) There are key differences in how broadcast headlines and print headlines function. It isn’t just about the difference between paper and screen . It’s also about the nature of the medium and audience demographics. With respect to sensory organs When we write for a print medium, we actually write for the eyes Broadcast writing is writing for the ear , [for eyes, we add visuals] In newspaper, our major weapon/tool is text . It is through the choice of words that we create an emphatic picture in the minds of the readers. We don’t have the option to reinforce/strengthen our words with visuals [though we have a limited option of including Picture(s)]. In TV however, we can combine many elements and tools (visuals, sound, text and graphic effects) to serve the same purpose. Although in many ways, this convenience of many optio...